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T-Test Calculator

Run one-sample, paired, pooled, or Welch t-tests with p-values and effect-size estimates.

Input

Configure inputs first. Final results, visuals, downloads, and copy summary remain hidden until Calculate T-Test succeeds.

T-test methodNull valueAlphaAlternative

Sample values

What This Tool Does

The T-Test Calculator requires an explicit Calculate T-Test action and never accepts or proves the null hypothesis. It reports p-values against the selected alpha and alternative hypothesis.

Method

T statistics are computed from entered values, selected test mode, null difference, and selected alternative hypothesis.

Worked Example

For values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 against null mean 0, the one-sample t statistic is positive because the sample mean is above the null value.

Common Mistakes

Using a paired test for independent groups.
Saying a nonsignificant result proves no difference.

Limitations

Normality and independence assumptions should be reviewed.
Nonparametric alternatives are out of scope.

References

NIST e-Handbook: Confidence Limits for the Mean: NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, confidence limits and one-sample t-test for the mean.
NIST e-Handbook: Variance Assumptions: NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, equality of variance assumptions for classical tests.

What does p-value mean?

It is the tail probability of a test statistic at least as extreme under the null model and stated assumptions.

Welch versus pooled?

Welch does not assume equal group variances; pooled uses a common variance estimate.

What is effect size?

It is a standardized magnitude estimate, such as Cohen's d, separate from statistical significance.

What does a non-significant result mean?

The calculator reports insufficient evidence to reject the null when p is greater than alpha.

Does the T-Test Calculator calculate automatically while I type?

No. Inputs and CSV previews never produce final statistics until the explicit calculate button is clicked.

Are CSV files uploaded?

No. Selected CSV files are processed locally in the browser. ScholarTool does not upload the file to a third-party calculation or data-analysis API.

Can a p-value prove a hypothesis?

No. A p-value is evaluated against the selected alpha level under stated assumptions; it does not prove the null or alternative hypothesis.

Engineering disclaimer

This statistics tool is intended for education, planning, and preliminary analysis. Review assumptions, study design, and professional statistical judgement before using results in research, engineering, safety, regulatory, or compliance decisions. ScholarTool does not prove hypotheses or replace qualified analysis.

Need Professional Support?

ScholarTool is powered by ScholarEase Consultancy Services LLP. Professional engineering, simulation, research, and technical documentation support is available through the connected services website.

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Last reviewed: 2026-07-07

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What This Tool Does

The T-Test Calculator requires an explicit Calculate T-Test action and never accepts or proves the null hypothesis. It reports p-values against the selected alpha and alternative hypothesis.

Method

T statistics are computed from entered values, selected test mode, null difference, and selected alternative hypothesis.

Engineering disclaimer

T-Test Calculator

Input

What This Tool Does

Method

Worked Example

Common Mistakes

Limitations

References

Related Tools

Engineering disclaimer

Need Professional Support?

T-Test Calculator

Input

What This Tool Does

Method

Worked Example

Common Mistakes

Limitations

References

Related Tools

Engineering disclaimer

Need Professional Support?